The risk of falling increases with age. A reduction in balance and an increase in reaction time increase the likelihood of falls. Reducing the number of risk factors and improving balance with regular exercise are key components of fall prevention.
Falls may be linked to a person’s physical condition (failure to exercise regularly results in poor muscle tone, decreased bone mass, and reduced flexibility). Chronic diseases such as arthritis or Parkinson’s disease severely limit mobility. A large percentage of falls in the elderly population involve hazards at home (poor lighting, loose carpets, and lack of safety equipment). Inner ear problems and similar clinical conditions can also lead to balance issues and difficulty walking.
While treatment for each of these conditions varies, the common denominator for rehabilitation after a fall is physical therapy.
Every Little Thing Matters
Once a diagnosis of gait and/or balance impairment has been made and the underlying cause identified, the physical therapist conducts a detailed assessment of gait, balance, mobility levels, and lower extremity joint function. This helps the therapist identify gait requirements and balance abnormalities.
Exercise is the treatment of choice for patients with balance and gait abnormalities. Usually, a precise exercise program incorporating balance, gait, strength training, endurance, and flexibility training is designed and implemented.
For example, a physical therapist might teach gait training. The patient is encouraged to walk with the help of a walker or other assistive devices, which are gradually withdrawn as independence improves. Strengthening of the upper body, trunk, and pelvic region establishes the foundation for long-term safety. Biomechanical analysis of gait will ensure that gait deviations are minimized or removed. The physical therapist will pay attention to every minute detail of gait including, but not limited to, the correct striking of the heel on the floor while walking.
The Big Picture- Focus on Prevention
Exercise is one part of fall prevention and treatment. An analysis of risk factors at home is a key aspect of long-term treatment. Also, a physical therapist can help seniors regain the confidence and motivation needed to be independent and mobile. A physical therapist will guide, inspire and empower every patient to achieve full mobility and function while helping overcome the fear of falling.
If you or someone you know has balance and gait abnormalities, ask them to call a physical therapist. Therapists are trained to identify and assess fall risk, design programs to reduce the risk of future falls, recommend assistive devices, design exercise programs, and complete home evaluations to reduce hazards in the home.
Call Us Today!
Physical therapists go through years of training to be able to complete comprehensive balance assessments and establish fall prevention strategies in older adults who are at risk for falls. Call our office today and take proactive steps toward fall prevention.